Types of gland in Human Body
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| Types of gland in human body |
1. Hypothalamus glands is present in brain
* It produce ‘releasing hormones’
* It regulates the secretion of hormones from pituitary gland.
* They act on specific tissues or organ called target organ’.
* They coordinate the activities of the body and also its growth.
* They are secreted in extremely minute quantities.
* Chemically, hormones may be polypeptides and protein , amino acids and their derivatives or steroids.
* Hormones help the body to cope with emergency demands such as infection, trauma, dehydration, starvation, haemorrhage and extreme temperature.
2. Pituitary glands ( Hypophysis ) is present at the base of the brain. It is also known as as the master gland as it controls the other endocrine glands.
The pituitary gland secretes five hormones:
* Growth hormone (GH) regulates the growth and development of bones and muscles.
* Trophic hormones regulates the secretion of hornones from other endocrine glands like adrenal glands, thyroid gland, testes and ovaries.
* Prolactin hormone regulates the function of mammary glands in famales.
* Vasopression hormone regulates water and electrolyte balance in the body.
* Oxytocin hormones regulates the ejection of milk during lactation.
* Pineal gland is present in the brain near to the pituitary gland. It secretes melatonin hormone which delayssexual development and promotes sleep.
3. Thyroid gland is present just below the neck.
* Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxine hormone.
* It secretes a hormones called thyroxine. which regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates,fats and proteins in the body so as to provide the best balance for growth.
4. Parathyroid glands are four in number, which are embedded in the thyroid gland
* It secretes a hormones called calcitonin, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.
5. Thymus are paired structure present on either side of the trachea. It secretes the hormones thymosin which activates immune responses and helps in the production of antibodies.
6. Adrenal glands are two in number, which are located one on top of each.
* Adrenal glands secrete two hormones – adrenalin and corticoids
* The functions of adrenalin and corticoid hormones are to regulate blood pressure , heart beat , breathing rate, carbohydrate metabolism and mineral balance.
6. Pancreas is present just below the stomach in the body.
* It secretes two hormones – insulin and glucagon.
* The function of insulin hormone is to lower the blood glucose.
* The function of glucagon hormones is to lower the blood glucose
* The function of glucagon hormone is to increase the blood glucose.
* Pancreas is exocrine as well as endocrine gland. The endocrine part is called islets of langerhans.
7. Testes in males are present outside the lower abdomen in scrotum
* It secretes males sex hormones called testosterone.
* The function of testosterone hormones is to regulate male accessory sex organs and secondary sexual characters such as mammary glands, soft skin , hair pattern and feminine voice.
* The function of progesterone hormone is to control the uterus changes in menstrual cycle. It also helps in the maintenance of pregnancy.
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